A Bible Study of 1 Corinthians 14.1-20
An Insight into the Gifts of Prophecy and Speaking in Tongues
Before we plunge headlong into our study, we should do a little toe dabbling. We need to understand what New Testament prophecy is. Prophecy is not necessarily the predicting of events, such as Mabel Sue is going to have a baby or Howard Thomas will get a new car. These things are impressive (if and when they come true), but it seems to be a rather frivolous use of the gift of prophecy. As much as I’d like to have the best in material possessions, please predict, if you must predict, that I am going to really love God more and that I’ll accomplish all of His will in my life. That would excite me! Paul describes prophecy in the 3rd verse: “But he that prophesieth speaketh unto men to edification [building up], and exhortation [encouragement], and comfort.”
Verse 1
“1) Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts, but rather that ye may prophesy.”
Comment on Verse 1
In the two preceding chapters of 1 Corinthians (12 & 13) Paul has 1) laid out for the Corinthians the various gifts of the Spirit in chapter 12, ending the chapter with this: “…covet [desire] earnestly the best gifts [that he has just named]: and yet shew I unto you a more excellent way,” and 2) in chapter 13 Paul eloquently shows what the “better way” is. To give chapter 13 a single-sentence wrap, we could put it this way: No gifts a person might acquire nor anything he can accomplish is worth an ice cube in the hot sands of the Sahara Desert if the person does not LOVE.
Now we can start our primary lesson. Paul begins this 14th chapter by urging the saints, “Be constantly pursuing this love.” (Kenneth S. Wuest, The New Testament, An Expanded Translation) Love is the hallmark of the Christian. Jesus said, “By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another.” (John 13.35)
Paul next encourages them to seek the gifts of the Spirit, “BUT,” he advises them, “seek rather that ye may prophecy.” He then explains his preference for prophecy in the next three verses (2-4), verse 3 in particular. It gets to the heart of the matter.
Verse 2
“2 For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but unto God: for no man understandeth him; howbeit [although] in the spirit he speaketh mysteries.”
Comment on Verse 2
When a worshiper speaks in tongues it is a private conversation, not meant for our unenlightened ears – unless God grants interpretation. Frankly, even the person speaking doesn’t understand what he is saying although he is thrilled by his conversation with God.
It is hard to understand our obsession with speaking in tongues, although Paul said in v. 18, “I speak with tongues more than ye all.” But he had the powerful anointed word to go with his speaking in tongues. Then, after he had mentioned his tongues-speaking prowess, Paul showed the much greater importance of the prophetic gift by saying that he would rather speak just five words in his own language than ten thousand in an utterance unknown to his listeners.
It is also significant that in the four times (to my knowledge) that Paul speaks of the gifts of the Spirit in his letters, twice he does not mention the gift of tongues (the first and the last scriptures in the following list) – Rom. 12.6-8; 1 Cor. 12.4-10; 1 Cor. 12.28-31; Eph. 4.11, 12 – and in both of the other two passages it is next to last in the list. Only interpretation of tongues comes after it. I am not saying that this proves anything, but if speaking in tongues is as crucial to the believer’s (and Church’s) survival as we say it is, why did the Apostle not list it more prominently?
The hard fact here is that the tongues-speaking is not what is so important, but the power of the Holy Spirit who speaks through the individual. Backslidden saints have been known to speak in tongues. We can speak often, but if we are not fully yielded to the Spirit who uses our mouths, the power will be hindered. As a gift of the Spirit, speaking in tongues is important but we have overrated it. Paul did not.
With regard to speaking in other tongues, there was a show on TV recently that featured the attempts of a specialist in his field to fathom the mystery (or sham) of speaking in other tongues. I was impressed with the evident sincerity and objectivity of the specialist – he was intent neither with proving or disproving the experience. He did not jump on the bandwagon, but he did not look down his nose at these misguided people who were caught in an emotional frenzy of self-hypnosis that caused them to speak a gibberish that had no evident benefits. To repeat: he was objective.
The specialist had two subjects: one was the pastor of a church, an intelligent man of apparent deep convictions and spiritual values. The other was a lay person, a woman of average intelligence and deep spirituality, one who could subject herself to such a probe – I could not have done it. In each case the subject was wired to some type of device that recorded the activity in different parts of the subject’s brain as he or she spoke in tongues.
The pastor, who obviously possessed the “gift” of speaking in tongues (which not every believer has), was asked to speak. After a short prayer, he did so, and it was no sham, like some persons who “speak” on TV; it was the real thing. The Spirit within me witnessed to the fact. It was notable that there was no visible activity in the frontal lobe of his brain as there is when a person talks normally. This, said our specialist, was an indication that he was not consciously forming concepts and choosing words with which to express them. I took it to show further that, although he chose to speak in tongues, he did not choose the words nor the concepts the words expressed. The Spirit chose as He willed.
Next the specialist tested the woman. She apparently could not speak in tongues “at will,” so he stood by while she prayed and sang – in other words, she worshiped – until the Holy Spirit took over and she too began to speak in tongues. (Incidentally this was all very intriguing because of the understanding air with which the specialist conducted the tests.) Again there was no sign of frontal lobe activity, indicating that she too spoke on a higher authority (my words, not the specialist’s).
A similar test was conducted on a group of Buddhist monks who were praying to their god Buddha. This time the recording device showed frontal lobe activity similar to what occurs when a person engages in a normal conversation. They were consciously speaking their words.
The tentative conclusions the specialist reached were, as expected, not a sanctioning of the experience of speaking in tongues, but neither were they a lumping of all tongues speakers into one loony bunch and sending them off to a mental institution. The specialist decided that more testing was needed before any final conclusions could be drawn. Fair enough.
But that is beside the point. My own conclusions were these: 1) The tests, despite not presenting hard conclusions, could possibly convince some outsiders that what we experience is the real thing, and 2) they neither confirmed nor shook my personal belief in the experience known as speaking in tongues. I have experienced speaking in tongues for myself (although I cannot speak at will) and I could scarcely be open-minded about the matter.
It is my earnest prayer that the tests will help to convince others who have not the faith, to see that there is something big and factual and genuine going on among us who are true believers in Christ.
Verses 3-4
“3 But he that prophesieth speaketh unto men to edification [building up], and exhortation [encouragement], and comfort.
4 He that speaketh in an unknown tongue edifieth himself; but he that prophesieth edifieth the church.”
Comment on Verses 3-4
We have already touched lightly on the meaning of New Testament prophecy and its highly important role in the Church. Here the Apostle gives us the nitty-gritty New Testament meaning of prophecy. And looking at it from a whole, biblical perspective, we could add that it includes speaking under the anointing of the Spirit of God. But of course, in order for a word to be to edification, exhortation and comfort, it would necessarily be an anointed word. The Spirit would have to give it impact. A word of truth spoken without the anointing behind it is lifeless though true. I could mechanically say words to a discouraged person that would technically fit the category of edification, exhortation and comfort – “Hang in there!” “Keep praying; God will answer!” – but if there were no anointing present, and the words did not even have the ring of sincerity, they would be futile and my disheartened brother or sister would not be helped. I might have added a little to her discouragement by my evident lack of empathy.
There can be no substitute for the anointing of the Spirit on our words, even those words we speak in all sincerity. It is incumbent on all believers to pray as they walk, pray as they talk that their “…speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that [they]may know how …to answer every man” (Col. 4.6) in any trying situation. We have not fully attained that goal, but we are pressing toward it.
Verse 5
“5 I would that ye all spake with tongues but rather that ye prophesied: for greater is he that prophesieth than he that speaketh with tongues, except he interpret, that the church may receive edifying.”
Comment on Verse 5
Paul is not downgrading the gift of other tongues. If he were, he would not say that he wished that they all spoke in tongues. That brings up an interesting side point. If he wishes that they all spoke in tongues, does that imply that there were some believers in the local church who did not have the gift and who did not speak in tongues on a regular basis? Think it over.
Now the Apostle sets a hierarchy of gifts. He puts the prophet on a higher level than the speaker in other tongues. Once again, I must say that it is because the Church needs the beneficial effects of prophecy.
Verses 6-12
“6 Now, brethren, if I come unto you speaking with tongues, what shall I profit you, except I shall speak to you either by revelation [speak a revelation to you], or by knowledge [bring further knowledge], or by prophesying, or by doctrine [teaching]?
7 And even things without life giving sound, whether pipe or harp, except they give a distinction in the sounds, how shall it be known what is piped or harped?
8 For if the trumpet give an uncertain sound, who shall prepare himself to the battle?
9 So likewise ye, except ye utter by the tongue words easy to be understood, how shall it be known what is spoken? for ye shall speak into the air.
10 There are, it may be, so many kinds of voices in the world, and none of them is without signification.
11 Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a barbarian, and he that speaketh shall be a barbarian unto me.
12 Even so ye, forasmuch as ye are zealous of spiritual gifts, seek that ye may excel to the edifying of the church.”
Comment on Verses 6-12
The reason for the gifts of the Spirit is that the Church and its individual members may be helped. Speaking in tongues does edify the speaker, but the rest of the congregation is left in the dark. They can’t very well say amen to what he says: they don’t have the least idea of what God is saying through His ecstatic worshiper.
Paul is stressing here the need for prophetic utterance, that speech that supplies what is lacking in a person or a church group at that moment. The congregation may not lack teaching, although that is too often true, but God may see a need of the moment that he wants a layperson to fill. Tongues will not suffice then. Shouting and great demonstrations by others cannot fill the need of the moment. A word of prophecy is required.
We should heed Paul’s words. When we seek spiritual gifts, prophecy should be one of the foremost. A good pastor, of course, has the gift of prophecy. If he does not, he has missed his calling. Perhaps he should be a plumber or an electrician; certainly not a pastor. But there is always a place for an anointed word from the ordinary person in the pews. God has so structured His Church that everyone has a niche to fill, a slot into which she fits. Sometimes God will use you for a particular task just for that instant. There are other tasks that are yours on a permanent basis. We need to seek God earnestly for our proper place in the Church. It is the body of Christ and it cannot function as a body without the contributions of its individual members.
The pastor will be the first to admit that he cannot do it all. There are many things that the laity has to do. The pastor cannot always be there on the spot when your sister needs encouragement. He cannot always be there when your brother is depressed and on the verge of taking drastic measures to climb out of his pit of despair. If you are there, you, my friend are IT. You are the mouth of God for that moment.
We have a habit of underrating ourselves, of being “humble” and saying, “Oh, I can’t do that; I don’t have that kind of ability.” The brother in need can’t wait until someone comes along who supposedly is more talented than you. The sister who desperately needs encouragement and comfort doesn’t have the luxury of waiting for just the “right” person to come along. God let you come at just that time to fill just that need. Fill it. You will cry a thousand bitter tears if a life is ended or a soul is lost because you hid behind the lame excuse of “I don’t have that kind of ability.”
Speak to your brothers and sisters in a tongue they can understand. Speak to them under the anointing of the Holy Spirit. Use the language of love. Speak. Write. Use sign language, Pony Express – anything to get the word to them that God wants them to hear or read.
And then again, sometimes all that the unfortunate victim needs is a hearty pat on the back, a cordial handshake or an affectionate embrace. And whisper earnestly in his ear, “God bless you, my brother!” Do what God leads you to do. To me it all comes loosely under the heading of prophecy, the anointed “word” from God. This of course assumes that the Spirit of God is leading you.
Verse 13
“13 Wherefore let him that speaketh in an unknown tongue pray that he may interpret.”
Comment on Verse 13
If you simply have to have the gift of unknown tongues, ask the Lord to give you also the interpretation of what you say.
Verses 14-17
“14 For if I pray in an unknown tongue, my spirit prayeth, but my understanding is unfruitful.
15 What is it then? I will pray with the spirit, and I will pray with the understanding also: I will sing with the spirit, and I will sing with the understanding also.
16 Else when thou shalt bless with the spirit, how shall he that occupieth the room of the unlearned say Amen at thy giving of thanks, seeing he understandeth not what thou sayest?
17 For thou verily givest thanks well, but the other is not edified.”
Comment on Verses 14-17
Although, as Paul said earlier, the individual saints were edified by speaking in tongues, they did not know what they were saying. This was true also when they prayed in an unknown tongue. Therefore he advised that there should be a balance: Pray in the Spirit and also pray in your own language.
There are times when a heavy spirit of prayer comes on you and you don’t know why the heaviness. The need to pray is not for you at that time. The prayer is a growing pressure within your spirit and it has to be expressed. That is the golden moment when the Spirit will either pray through you in other tongues or will vent your prayer with “groanings” or deep-seated sighs “which cannot be uttered.” (Rom. 8.26) When the Spirit takes over and prays for you, through you and for someone else possibly half a world away from you, that, my friend, is a mystery – but a beautiful one.
Verses 18-19
“18 I thank my God, I speak with tongues more than ye all:
19 Yet in the church I had rather speak five words with my understanding, that by my voice I might teach others also, than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue.”
Comment on Verses 18-19
We have already dealt with verses 18 and 19.
Verse 20
“20 Brethren, be not children in understanding: howbeit in malice be ye children, but in understanding be men.”
Comment on Verse 20
Our study concludes with verse 20 in which Paul is enjoining his parishioners to grow up spiritually. It is all right, even needful, to come to God as little children – our Master said that we have to become as little children before Him – but God does not want us to remain children in understanding nor in our grasp of spiritual truths. Paul wished for his flock what God wishes for us all, that we would go on to perfection in Christ.
If we are indeed mature members of the body of Christ, we should deport ourselves in a mature fashion. We have to see things in the right perspective and quit giving disproportionate weight to the gifts of the Spirit that are relatively less important. You will note that I use the term “relatively less important” because all the gifts of the Spirit are important and profitable for the Church and its individual members
Recent Comments