At times it seems that the word “baptism” can cause more disharmony among the people of God than it can bring unity. There are disagreements over whether to sprinkle, pour, or immerse in water. There is even a small faction that believes it must be done in running water.
Should it be done in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost or in Jesus’ name? There are those who strongly believe that baptism brings remission of sins. Some believe that baptism should come after one has previously received salvation. We will shortly address these questions as we progress in this condensed study.
The Purpose for Baptizing
The most significant reason for baptizing is that Jesus told us to do so. If we knew no other reason, that would be sufficient. But there are some things that God allows the believer to understand. Baptism is one of those acts for which God has let the believer see a reason beyond simple obedience.
I cannot agree with some that baptism is for the remission of sins. Faith takes care of all sins committed by the believer. If faith is indeed the justifier of the believer, as Paul states so cogently in his epistles, it necessarily follows that the believer’s sins are remitted. There can be no justification without forgiveness of sins. This assertion needs no abstruse arguments to sustain it. Scriptural logic is its proof. Paul declares,
“But now a righteousness from God, apart from law, has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify. 22 This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no difference, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus. 25 God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in his blood. He did this to demonstrate his justice, because in his forbearance he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished— 26 he did it to demonstrate his justice at the present time, so as to be just and the one who justifies those who have faith in Jesus.” (Rom. 3.21-26 NIV)
That makes it clear we are justified by faith in Jesus Christ. There is, nevertheless, one scripture that has to be examined in the light of the assertion here that baptism does not bring remission of sins. In Acts 2:38 (KJV) Peter seems to say that baptism is for the remission of sins: “... be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins...” The Bible Knowledge Commentary gives a better rendering of this clause: “Repent unto the remission of your sins and be baptized...” (The Bible Knowledge Commentary, an Exposition of the New Testament, Dallas Theological Seminary Faculty.) In this translation of the passage, we see...that forgiveness of sins comes immediately with repentance, and of course there could be no repentance if there were no faith in the One who causes the repentance (change of mind) – Jesus Christ.
In the same passage Kenneth S. Wuest, using “as many English words as are necessary to bring out the richness, clarity, and force of the Greek text,” renders it this way:
“And Peter said to them, Have a change of mind, that change of mind being accompanied by abhorrence of and sorrow for your deed, and let each one of you be baptized upon the ground of your confession of belief in the sum total of all that Jesus Christ is in His glorious Person, this baptismal testimony being in relation to the fact that your sins have been put away, and you shall receive the gratuitous gift of the Holy Spirit...” (Kenneth S. Wuest, The New Testament, an Expanded Translation, Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1961, 276.)
The Correct Method of Baptism
Now we shall look at the word “baptized (Gr. baptizo).” Most Bible students agree that in the Greek it signifies to be immersed or to dip under. (Classic Greek-English Dictionary by Pollet.) For a particular instance in the New Testament we may refer to Acts 16:38 where the Philippian jailer was baptized (Greek immersed) in water. Another instance is Acts 2:41 in which “...they that gladly received his word were baptized [immersed]...) All water baptisms recorded in Acts were by immersion. The Church obviously considered that to be what God wanted. (World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, 70.)
Water baptism is not a matter of choice. Anyone who knows the will of God in this matter and continually refuses to do it will cut off his fellowship with God. To confirm this opinion, we shall look initially at Acts 2:38, which contains the first instructions given concerning baptism after the birth of the New Testament Church:
“Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized [immersed in water] every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ ...” (Acts 2:38)
“The lion hath roared, who will not fear? the Lord GOD hath spoken, who can but prophesy?” (Amos 3:8)
God had spoken; Peter could only prophesy or give forth what God said to him. This was not the brash, error-prone Peter of earlier days. This was a Spirit-filled and Spirit-inspired apostle of Christ setting the criteria for salvation.
The New Testament Church had been born only minutes earlier. As with any select group, there were others who wanted to become a part of the Church. Standards had to be set for these persons and all who would want to join thereafter. Out of the approximately 120 disciples who had just received the Holy Spirit, the Spirit chose to speak through Peter in setting the requirements for becoming a part of the Church. What Peter said at that time should be considered the standard for being saved and for all baptisms thereafter.
The Name Used in Baptism
What name should be used in the baptismal rite? There must be a name, as at no time after the Day of Pentecost do the disciples merely baptize without mentioning a sanctioning agent, an authority who gives validity to the baptism. In Matthew 28:19 Jesus commanded His disciples: “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost...” This was before the Holy Ghost had come to them. It was before they had received the power to interpret all the things Jesus had been teaching them so diligently.
With the coming of the Holy Spirit, the disciples were able to understand Jesus’ many oblique statements of the previous three and a half years. They clearly understood that the name of the Father, Son and the Holy Ghost was Jesus. This is evident in that they never once used the titles thereafter; they used the name of Jesus who incorporated in Himself all the fullness of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. But, as the Church moved further away from the practice of the apostles, the baptismal formula was changed from the name of Jesus to “Father, Son and Holy Ghost” in the 2nd century. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, 365.) It was never the custom before then. Baptisms by the early Church were always performed “in the name of Jesus.” (Hastings Encyclopedia of Religion, Vol. 2, 377.)
The Symbolism of Baptism
One of the major reasons for baptism lies in its symbolism. The symbols incorporated by God into the golden thread of the Kingdom of God running from the creation of man through the Israelites and the Law of Moses into the present day, are important to God. To please Him we have to comply with whatever symbolic acts are required of us. God cautioned Moses to “Make this tabernacle and all its furnishings exactly like the pattern I will show you.” (Ex. 25:9 NIV.) The Mosaic Law and the structure of the Tabernacle were replete with symbols that referred to the salvation God had for man. When anyone would break one of the symbolic rites, as Nadab and Abihu did, they incurred God’s extreme displeasure.
“And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not. And there went out fire from the LORD, and devoured them, and they died before the LORD.” (Lev 101, 2)
Moses the Great Leader also broke the symbolism when he smote the rock in Kadesh instead of speaking to it.
“And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also. And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them.” (Num. 20: 11, 12)
Despite his lofty position as the leader of God’s people, Moses was punished for his failure to adhere to the symbolism inherent in speaking to the rock instead of smiting it. To understand, we need to review the complete story.
There were two incidents of bringing water from the rock. The first time was in Exodus 17:6:
“Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.”
It signified that Christ our Rock would be smitten so that waters of life could issue from Him.
The second incident of getting water from the rock was slightly different:
“Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak [not smite] ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink.” (Num 20:8)
The symbolism this time was that all we have to do to get water from the Rock (Christ) is speak to it. Our Rock has been smitten once for all at Calvary.
In his anger and exasperation with the people, Moses broke the symbolism. God then imposed on Moses the extreme penalty of denying him the privilege of entering the Promised Land. It would have been the climax of Moses’ career, a glorious occasion. The Great Leader of the Israelites stumbled badly on the rock at Meribah and lost out on the chance of a lifetime. It is obvious that obeying any symbolic act that is required of us is very important to God.
Baptism is also a symbol, a symbol of burial. The old (carnal) man has died to sin and is buried in baptism.
“Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection.” (Rom 6:4, 5)
Obviously the symbolism does not end with burial of the carnal man. When the person who has been baptized is brought up out of the water, that carries the symbol to its completion. Coming up out of the water signifies resurrection. The carnal man has been buried and a new man arises to “walk in newness of life” (Rom. 6.4), as Paul phrases it. In order to symbolize the burial and resurrection of Jesus, baptism must be by immersion in water. Sprinkling or pouring water on the convert falls woefully short. We do not sprinkle or pour a cupful of dirt on a dead man; we put him down into it.
In studying the salvation experiences recorded in Acts, the reader may note that water baptism in Jesus’ name was very important to the New Testament Church. In most recorded incidents of salvation – the 120 being a possible exception – the converts were baptized, after their conversion, in Jesus' name. The important fact is that water baptism in Jesus’ name is a vital step on the believer’s journey. We are not using this assertion to pompously declare null and void all the decisions for Christ that have been made via television exhortation and without the benefit of baptism. That would be flying in the face of sound evidence. The decisions are authentic, but the new Christian needs further instruction in the way of salvation. Like any new-born infant, he needs food (instruction in the Way) in order to grow in Christ. God does not expect him to get saved and then take permanent root in that spiritual staging area. He needs to move out from there before too long onto the battleground. Someone should be there to instruct him about water baptism in Jesus’ name and the way a Christian should live on a daily basis.
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